I'm in need of a skilled Java Spring Boot developer to create a web application for me. The project has to be completed within a month. Key Requirements: - Proficient in Java and Spring Boot - Experience with web application development - Ability to work diligently to complete the project within the specified timeline. I have not decided on the database technology yet, so I am open to suggestions. However, if you have a recommendation or specialization, I would like to hear it. Time Management: It's crucial that the freelancer I hire can manage their time effectively and prioritize my project. This is a time-sensitive task that requires commitment to meeting the deadline. Post-Completion Support: After the project is complete, I may require some support with the app...
I'm in need of a professional who can help me develop a website and an app for my business. The goal is to promote the services I offer, targeting mainly individuals. The ideal freelancer should display the following: - Experience in creating both websites and applications - Proficiency in modern coding languages - A strong understanding of corporate and professional designs - The ability to incorporate a user-friendly interface - Strong communication and understanding of client's needs I'm specifically looking for a design that reflects professionalism and corporate ethics. The purpose is not for selling products online, but for promotion and resourceful information provision. If you have the needed skills and can deliver quality work timely, please bid.
...In-app purchases Applications for this project will only be considered if they meet the following criteria: - Demonstrated past work: Please include apps you've developed that are currently on the App Store. Bonus points for apps that have a track record of generating revenue. - Experience building revenue-focused apps: Explain how you have increased user engagement or revenue in a prior app development project. - Detailed project proposals: Outline your plan to meet the project goals, please break down the tasks and timeline you will follow to develop the app. Ultimately, the goal of this app is to generate revenue. Thus, I need a resourceful and inventive developer who understands the importance of integrating revenue-generating features. I look forward to viewing you...
Looking for a seasoned developer experienced in creating custom web-based inventory systems. The system should be user-friendly with capabilities including: -Category Management -Product Management -Dashboard for admin with full access -Dashboard for users with limited access -Comprehensive Reporting System Applicants who have past experience developing similar systems will stand out. Kindly include examples of your previous work in your application for my consideration. Not only would this experience be relevant, but it would also provide me with a level of comfort in your ability to deliver. Understanding the nuances of access-level dependent dashboards will be essential in this role. The perfect candidate will be able to create an easy-to-use interface, optimized for admin-level full ...
I'm looking to enhance our website's user experience by incorporating color swatches for product selection. Additionally, I'd like to ensure that the size filter functions seamlessly, displaying available sizes upon selection. Furthermore...that the size filter functions seamlessly, displaying available sizes upon selection. Furthermore, I aim to optimize our product listings by displaying color variants as separate SKUs, allowing customers to easily identify and choose their preferred options. Key requirements: - Custom coding in Shopify - Experience with online store development - Ability to Add Custom Filters, SKU, ETC.. Please only apply if you have a strong background in Shopify development, particularly in product sales. Experience with custom coding ...
As the client, I am looking for a proficient app developer, ideally one with experience in building applications compatible wit...with Snapchat in terms of functionality, but with some unique features: - Creation of User Accounts: The app should facilitate the creation of individual user accounts. - Downloading Images and Videos: Users should be able to download images and short videos, which will be automatically stored in a company folder. A successful bidder should have extensive experience in mobile app development, specifically on iOS and Android. Versatility in crafting unique features and in-depth knowledge of social sharing principles are a must. Proficiency in the implementation of user account systems is also vital. Experience in the Snapchat platform would be a...
Sto cercando uno sviluppatore Java esperto con una solida esperienza nella costruzione di microservizi robusti. Abbiamo bisogno di creare un prototipo funzionale composto da 5 a 10 microservizi entro i prossimi 2 mesi. Requisiti chiave: - Una solida esperienza lavorativa con Java, specialmente nel contesto dei microservizi. - Competenza con Spring Boot, poiché sarà il framework principale utilizzato in questo progetto. - Esperienza comprovata nella progettazione e implementazione di microservizi che facilitino la comunicazione e l'integrazione con altri sistemi. Consegne: Sviluppo di 5-10 microservizi in Java utilizzando Spring Boot. I microservizi dovrebbero dimostrare la loro capacità di interagire efficacemente con sistemi esterni. Questo progetto sarebbe i...
Note: my budget not more than 20$ for the whole project The idea : development/design video website with chating
I'm urgently seeking an experienced WordPress developer to build a website with a custom design and blogging platform. I am based in Hyderabad, and it would be a bonus to be able to collaborate with someone locally. Key features required ar...website should also include these integrations: * Social Media Sharing: Ability for visitors to easily share blogs and site content on their social media platforms. * Contact Forms: Customizable contact forms for visitor inquiries and data collection. I am on a tight deadline and need this project completed ASAP. Please share work samples when making a bid. Proficiency in advanced WordPress development and a knack for tasteful, custom design are necessary for this job. Local freelancers in Hyderabad will be given priority, but not a ha...
I'm looking for an experienced software developer to create a tool or provide a long term service that regularly converts my geospatial data from netCDF format to kmz. The converted kmz files will be used for various purposes, mainly for visualizing on Google Earth, sharing with others and for analysis. The comprehensive tool should ensure medium level of detail in kmz output. Requirements: - Experience with geospatial data handling - Knowledge of netCDF and KMZ formats - Proficiency in programming language suitable for this task - Develop an automated process or tool for daily conversions - Ensure an email notification system for completed conversions Would be a bonus if you have previously developed similar data conversion tools or services. A keen eye for detail and precision i...
I am a final year student and looking for a skilled web developer who can help me with my project. I ...tracking bookings. - Search and filtering options will help users find and book rooms efficiently. - The website should support online payment integration. I already have a playlist for this project, so I will provide you with the necessary resources. Your main task would be to develop an interactive and user-friendly website based on the provided playlist. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in web development, specifically in building user-friendly and interactive websites - Experience in working on e-commerce platforms or booking systems - Knowledge of user authentication and payment integration - Ability to follow given instructions and work with a provided playlist to deliver a fin...
Note: my budget not more than 20$ for the whole project The idea : development/design video website with chating
...know if you would like to work on this project with us and, if so, a quotation. note the web application does not have to be built from scratch. It can be built on an existing foundation. Thanks To summarise, the following are the critical things that are required: 1. Complete simple and modern frontend design that is responsive in both Mobile and Desktop browsers. 2. Backend Scrapping module for each supermarket website 3. Scrapping Prices, Product Names, Images 4. Price comparison for each product with direct URLs for those products to buy 5. Database Design to store each piece of information updated daily with comparison. 6. User Management to access more information or some locked information is only shown to logged-in users. 7. Complete initial scrapping of products 8. Ma...
I'm looking to have a service-based application developed which can work efficiently on both iOS and Android platforms. The primary purpose of this app will be to faci...navigation. - Smooth booking functionalities with availability checking and confirmation features. - Real-time tracking of bookings to provide updates to users. The ideal Freelancer for this project should have: - Experience in cross-platform app development (iOS & Android). - Proven track record in developing booking apps or similar. - Strong understanding of UI/UX principles for intuitive app design. - Good communication skills for regular progress updates and potential troubleshooting. Your proposal should include: - Your approach to app development. - Previous similar projects undertaken. - Es...
I'm seeking a skilled coder who can create a custom Expert Advisor for CTrader to automate my Martingale trading strategy. This EA should allow me to manage the following key parameters: - **Initial Trade Size:** This value will determine the starting size of the trades. - **Multiplier Factor:** The EA should incorporate a multiplier, which will increase the trade size for subsequent Martingale trades. - **Distance for Further Positions:** This parameter is crucial for the Martingale strategy as it helps to set the distance between the different positions. - **Multiplier for Distance for Further Positions:** This factor will help in setting the distance between the different positions. - **Take Profit in POINTS:** The ability to set a predefined take profit level in points for open p...
I am seeking an experienced iOS App Developer to develop a minimalistic application which would enable voice calling over the internet. The app should be designed with usability in mind. More detailed specifications are to be discussed. Key Features: - Voice calling Preferred Skills: - Experience in Xcode - Prior experience developing voice calling mobile applications We don't need any complex interface or features. This is a test app. On opening the app, I just want to see 1 button where I can call the other person who has same app installed. That's it. Only bid if you have previously developed a similar app. Please respect our time and yours.
I need to add a multiple select dropdown check box to my ads placement form in my application. It is a php script from phpbrobid. I have data in my mysql table. Table columns are id, name, and parent id. The is multiple levels of parent child relation. Display the data in the table till the last level. And note the following: - One can select or unselect all child fields by selecting or unselecting the parent - Dropdown for each parent no matter the level. - The multiple select dropdown check box should work in the ads placement form of the phpprobid script. - Will provide access to the script and table of sample data with multi-level parent child relation. - See attachment for example select dropdown check box. Remember what I am looking for is multiple level.
The problem: The solonoid valve does not turn off. The voltage on mosfet module output goes from 4.2 V to 4.8 V when motion is detected. It does not goes to 0V and thereby closes the valve. What have i done wrong? I have a simple setup: - Pir sensor AM312 - Nodemcu /ESP (powered by usb) - Mosfet module IRF520 - Solonoid valve 4.5V - External power supply connected to Mosfet 5V, 1A I'm using the following code: const int pirPin = D5; // PIR sensor pin const int mosfetPin = D6; // Connect to the IN/Input terminal on the MOSFET module void setup() { (115200); pinMode(pirPin, INPUT); pinMode(mosfetPin, OUTPUT); ("PIR Motion Sensor with Solenoid Valve Control"); } void loop() { int motionDetected = digitalRead(pirPin); if (motionDetec...
I'm looking for a d...Calendar Integration: The app must seamlessly connect with Google and Apple Calendars, ensuring that all scheduled appointments are reflected accurately. - Customizable Booking Forms: I'd like the booking process to be flexible and tailored, allowing for customizable fields, brand-specific options, and support for multiple languages. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in Shopify App Development - Previous experience developing appointment booking systems - Knowledge of Google and Apple Calendar APIs - Strong front-end design skills for custom form creation - Multilingual support implementation experience A successful candidate should be able to deliver a user-friendly, visually appealing, and reliable booking solution that meets my specific ...
I'm looking for a web developer to create a Blogging platform that is user-friendly and engaging for the general public. Key Features: - Social Media Integration: A core feature I'd like is the ability for users to link their social media accounts to the platform. This will enable them to easily share their posts and increase the platform's reach. I'm particularly interested in developers with experience in creating user-friendly interfaces, incorporating social media features, and ensuring the platform is scalable for future growth. Let me know your thoughts and if you're the right person for the job.
I'm in need of an experienced database developer to create a robust and effective database on the Oracle platform. Key Tasks: - The design and creation of appropriate Data Definition Language (DDL) and PL/SQL based database - The development of complex queries for advanced data manipulation and retrieval Expertise Needed: - Extensive knowledge in Oracle database creation - Proficiency in writing and managing complex queries - Prior experience in handling large scale database projects - Excellent problem-solving skills Please note, the purpose of this database is not yet determined, therefore flexibility and adaptability will be necessary. I look forward to receiving bids from dedicated freelancers who master their field.
...should be built with a focus on usability, speed, and reliability. - **Design Files**: I have design files available for the PWA. This means you'll primarily be responsible for the development and implementation of the PWA, rather than design work. However, any suggestions for improving the user experience are welcome. - **Device Optimization**: The PWA should be optimized for a range of devices including smartphones, tablets, and desktops. This includes ensuring a seamless experience across these different platforms. Ideal skills and experience for this project include: - Proficiency in Laravel and PWA development. - Experience with user authentication and push notification systems. - Strong understanding of responsive design and optimizing for various devices. ...
I'm looking for an experienced game developer to create a ladybird-themed puzzle game app for both Android and iOS. The main objective of the game is strictly for entertainment purposes. Key Project Requirements: - The game should be engaging and suitable for a broad range of age groups. - The game should have a puzzle-based gameplay, challenging yet fun. - The game should have a ladybird (ladybug) theme throughout. The ideal candidate for this project would have: - Proven experience in developing puzzle games for mobile platforms. - A good understanding of game design principles. - Previous experience with ladybird (ladybug) themed games would be a plus. - Excellent communication skills and a collaborative approach.
I am seeking a proficient app developer who can bring my vision of an e-commerce app to life. The platform should specifically be tailored for Android. The app should be developed with certain fundamental features and functionalities: - User Registration & Login: There has to be a comprehensive system for users to register and login, ensuring smooth interaction. - Shopping Cart & Checkout Functionality: This is an e-commerce app which necessitates an unhindered shopping cart and secure checkout functionality for optimal user experience. - Product Search & Filter: Users should be able to effortlessly search and filter products based on their preferences. Fortunately, I have a design and wireframe ready for this project which will provide a clear picture of my expectations. I...
Note: my budget not more than 20$ for the whole project The idea : development/design freelancers platform with videos from scratch
I'm aiming for a custom application for my Samsung Galaxy watch that sets task reminders. The app should be designed in a manner where pre-existing reminders can be edited as per the user's demand. Moreover, each reminder should display on the screen for 2 seconds and be accompanied by a vibration. The reminders should be limited to 20 characters in length. - Absolute ...should permit users to edit existing reminders. Reminders will start and stop at specific time range withen the day and will repeat every 5 minutes throughout the whole time range. Also, i want the source code to be provided as deliverable. Proficient knowledge of Samsung smartwatch applications and the Tizen operating system are essential, along with prior experience in mobile application development...
I am seeking a knowledgeable web developer to create and implement a portfolio website for my business. Key Features: - Contact form: There should be a clear and concise method for potential clien...explore further. - About: A section to share a bit about myself and the story of my business. - Services: Detailed descriptions of the services I offer. - Projects: A showcase of past and current projects, with room for in-depth information on each. - Contact: An easy-to-use contact form for inquiries. Ideal skills for this job would be a solid understanding of web development, proficiency in front-end and back-end development, good design sense, and experience in developing portfolio websites. Previous projects should demonstrate the ability to blend functionality with strong,...
I'm seeking an experienced UI designer to create a simple, user-friendly desktop interface for MacOS. The primary function of this UI should focus on data entry and display. Need a simple UI to choose "from directory", then run existing python code to convert .xml data to .csv and then save to a "to direc...MacOS. The primary function of this UI should focus on data entry and display. Need a simple UI to choose "from directory", then run existing python code to convert .xml data to .csv and then save to a "to directory" or "save to same directory as source" Also need slight modification to python code to convert 2 more sets of .xml data to .csv Skills Required: - Proficient in MacOS software development - Previous experience in...
Note: my budget not more than 20$ for the whole project The idea : development/design freelancers platform with videos from scratch
I'm seeking a freelance writer with experience in business analysis reports and Sustainable Development Goals. The report will focus on a business from a list provided, and must be 1500 words excluding the reference list. Key Requirements: - A business from the list will be provided. The analysis should focus on its value chain mapping and how it aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). - Every sentence in the report must be intext cited. - All references should be provided in APA 7 style. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in writing business analysis reports. - Familiarity with Sustainable Development Goals and their application in business contexts. - Exceptional research skills to thoroughly map out the business's value chain....
I'm looking for a skilled web developer to create an informational website for my business. The primary objective is to provide visitors with informa...content. - **Contact Form**: The website needs to have a contact form that would allow potential clients to send us an inquiry or make contact. - **Subscription Sign-up**: An area for visitors to subscribe to our newsletter is crucial. The sign-up process should be smooth and straightforward. Ideal freelancer for this job will have experience in: - WordPress website development - Design and integration of blog sections - Development of user-friendly contact forms - Creating and integrating subscription sign-up sections Please provide examples of completed WordPress sites you've worked on in the past, particularly t...
I'm seek...text-to-text tasks - from language translation to text summarization and chatbot responses. Ideal Candidate: - Extensive AI Development Experience: As the project demands the creation of a sophisticated LLM, prior experience in developing advanced AI models is essential. - Proficiency in Natural Language Processing: A deep understanding and experience in NLP is crucial for the success of this project. - Strong Data Analysis Skills: The ability to work with and manipulate large datasets will be essential to creating a robust and effective AI model. - Creativity and Innovation: The successful candidate should be able to demonstrate a track record of innovation in AI model development. If you have the skills and experience to bring my vision to life, I would ...
I am in need of a full stack developer with strong skills in HTML/CSS and JavaScript, to develop an E-commerce website. The website is expected to handle multiple products, orders, and ...E-commerce website. The website is expected to handle multiple products, orders, and user accounts effectively. Key Deliverables: - Develop the website from scratch - Ensure the website is responsive and visually appealing on all devices - Implement security measures to protect user data and transactions - Create a smooth and efficient user experience Your expertise in E-commerce website development, specifically with HTML/CSS and JavaScript, is crucial for this project. Experience with integrating payment systems will be a plus. Please provide examples of your previous E-commerce projects when...
I am after a seasoned web developer proficient in Node.js, , and to create a lively group chat website. Key Features: - The chief focus of this site is group chats, designed to foster community discussions. - Users should be able to share images within these chats. - The inclusion of emojis is paramount to encourage lively conversations. Ideal candidates should exhibit experience with the technologies mentioned and previous work on similar chat platforms would be a bonus. Familiarity with UX/UI best practices for chat applications is beneficial. Proven ability to create a user-friendly interface supporting image sharing and displaying emojis, is a must.
I am in need of a highly proficient Excel VBA developer who can implement and automate complex data analysis, and generate reports from large volumes of data. Key Tasks: - Implementing intricate data analysis using Excel VBA scripts. - Automating repetitive data management tasks. - Designing and developing report generation tools. This program will be used by a mix of both internal and external users. Therefore, the created solution should be intuitive, user-friendly and reliable. Essential skills: - Proven experience in Excel VBA programming, dealing with large complex sets of data. - Strong understanding of data analysis techniques. - Capable of designing user-friendly interfaces for report generation. This is a challenging and vital project that requires a candidate with not onl...
I need a skilled frontend engineer proficient in websocket, vue3, and TypeScript to oversee the development of a web-based game. Your main role is to ensure seamless integration of several critical features: • Real-Time Data Updates: Accuracy and instant results are vital in this project. You'll need to implement websocket to ensure real-time updates and provide a responsive and user-friendly platform. • Interactive User Interface: The game must be captivating and engaging. You will apply your Vue3 expertise to create an immersive UI that keeps users hooked one scene after another. • Single-Page Application Navigation: This game should operate as a single-page application. Leveraging TypeScript, develop efficient navigation systems that make transitions from o...
I need a simple web page developed, sample web page will be given; Also, Test cases to be given in Junit Two deliverables for this project 1. Test Scripts in Junit - Due tonight 2. Web page development - Due on 04/22 $35 AUD for this work In your application, please highlight your experience in the following areas: - Development of web pages with similar functionalities - Junit testing experience, especially in web development Looking forward to your bids.
I am targeting students with m...Personalized Recommendations: A must for any modern recommendation system. The more relevant, the better. The algorithm should leverage collaborative filtering to ensure the best possible recommendations. - User Rating System: An optional add-on, if time allows it. If included, the rating system should directly influence the collaborative filtering's output. Skill Set: - Proficiency in PHP development, specifically around collaborative filtering. - Experience in creating efficient user interfaces and profiles. - Understanding of recommendation and rating systems is crucial. Tight timelines involved. Expert developers, particularly experienced in swift project execution, are highly preferred. Update me regularly on the project's progress u...
I need a website for my medicinal trading business. It should be an online store with a product catalog specifically focusing on raw materials used for making medicines and cosmetics. Key Features: - Online Store: The website must have an eCommerce functionality allowing customers to browse through the product catalog and make purchases. - Product Catalog: The product catalog will exclusively list raw materials for making medicines and cosmetics. - Educational Resources: I am considering having a section for educational resources, such as articles and guides, related to medicinal trading. This aspect is undecided, so I’m open to discussing its inclusion further. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Experience in developing online stores, particularly in the field of health, wellness, o...
i am sebi registered research analyst. I am selling my product as services. I want to show all my services on my website as well as application.
Please apply only if you can start immediately Based on the information provided, it appears you're seeking expert assistance in creating an AWS (Amazon Web Services) solution. While the project details are not specified, the potential scope of the project could involve various AWS services such as EC2, S3, and Lambda. This suggests a focus on cloud computing services to develop and potentially optimize a solution for a specific use case. Given the possibilities, requirements from you as a project manager might include: - Comprehensive understanding of AWS services - Experience in deploying AWS infrastructure - Strong analytical and report writing skills Developing an AWS solution without a specific service focus means the freelancer must have a holistic grasp of AWS. They should ...
I'm seeking a skilled developer to create a comprehensive astrology app for both iOS and Android. The app will offer a variety of features, including: - Daily Horoscope: Users will be able to check their daily horoscope. This feature should be easy to navigate and update automatically. - Match Making: The app should include a detailed match-making feature that allows users to compare their astrological charts with those of others. - Astrology Consultation Booking: The app should have a built-in system that allows users to book consultations with professional astrologers through the app. This should be a secure and reliable feature. The app will require user registration, so a seamless and secure registration process will be essential. It should also be visually appealing and user-fr...
To ...... Just confirming that you will be doing the work, as below, on our VS1 Cloud package web site using Javascript, bootstrap, MeteorJS. This job is to complete Repairs and servicing in VS1 for both desktop and mobile versions. The data will come from an ...not related to your scope of works. Everything in VS1 is a template, that you will make a call to. Not using these templates will require re-writing of code. 3, Lines of code written that are approved. Expectation is around 1,500 to 2,000 lines per week, that are approved, to get the full $700. Each weeks check in will create a milestone for payment for the following week. We have a number of jobs required moving forward and are more looking for a long term relationship with an outside contractor.
I need an expert in Mathematics to help me to add hints and sub topic names to MCQs of CBSE 10th Mathematics.. Key Requirements: - These MCQs are primarily for students to practice for their exams, hints should be well-structured and designed to help reinforce their understanding of the concepts. - The questions should cover the whole CBSE 10th Mathematics syllabus, including topics like Algebra, Geometry, and Statistics. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven expertise in Mathematics, particularly with CBSE 10th standard syllabus. - Previous experience in developing MCQs or educational content. - Ability to create questions that are not only factually accurate but also engaging and challenging. This project will be a key resource for students preparing for their CBSE 10th Mathemati...
I need a WordPress website built quickly. The site will be simple, containing mostly text and images. Key requirements: - Speed: I need this done ASAP - Simplicity: The site will not be complex, just text and images - Experience: I'm looking for a freelancer with experience in WordPress website development. If you're interested, please send me your bid and an estimated timeline for completion.
I am looking for a skilled developer to build a decentralised gambling software for enhancing security and expanding the user base. This gambling software will be based on blockchain technology, emphasizing on secure transactions as the most important functionality. Key Skills and Experience Needed: - Advanced knowledge and experience with blockchain technol...Experience in developing secure transaction systems - Knowledge of decentralized gambling software - Understanding of gambling game mechanics To apply for this project successfully, kindly include your past work related to blockchain-based platforms, particularly in the gambling sector. This would be a suitable proof of your skills and experience in the domain. Clear examples of secure transaction development are highly ap...
Note: my budget not more than 20$ for the whole project The idea : development/design freelancers platform with videos from scratch
I am looking for a skilled JavaScript programmer to create a unique communication software that includes key features such as Video Calling, Voice Calling, and Instant Messaging. It's imperative that the software developed is markedly secure, ensuring the highest level of confidentiality in communications. Ideal skills and experiences: - Strong proficiency and ample experience in JavaScript... It's imperative that the software developed is markedly secure, ensuring the highest level of confidentiality in communications. Ideal skills and experiences: - Strong proficiency and ample experience in JavaScript - Previous experience in creating communication software is highly preferred - Comprehensive knowledge of implementing and maintaining high-level security measures in softwar...
As a growing business, we're delving into the digital sphere with a website to showcase our products/services. We're looking for professionals with creative eyes and a knack for vibrant, engaging designs. Key Details: - The website's primary purpose is to display our products/services. - We're drawn toward colorful, eye-catching design styles. - Must-have functionalities include customer reviews, a vacation rental calendar for booking, and a booking form. Ideal Experience: - Experienced in creating vibrant, colorful websites - Familiar with integrating customer reviews, booking calendars, and forms. - Proven record of creating effective product showcase sites. Let's work together to create a website that not only showcases our offerings but also resonates vi...
I'm in urgent need of a skilled developer who can create a WHMCS module based on Swagger API for NBN ordering and provisioning. I need this completed ASAP. Key Module Features: - Ordering NBN services - Provisioning NBN services Specific Information for Ordering and Provisioning: - Customer details: The module should be able to collect and manage customer information. - Service plan selection: It needs to allow customers to select from a list of available service plans. - Address validation: The module should validate customer addresses to ensure accurate service provisioning. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in WHMCS module development and Swagger API - Prior experience with NBN ordering and provisioning systems would be a defin...
